{"id":3349,"date":"2020-11-10T17:36:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T17:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/contentlab.com\/kubernetes-fundamentals-part-5-working-with-kubernetes-volumes\/"},"modified":"2021-11-17T17:21:39","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T17:21:39","slug":"kubernetes-fundamentals-part-5-working-with-kubernetes-volumes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/contentlab.com\/kubernetes-fundamentals-part-5-working-with-kubernetes-volumes\/","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes Fundamentals, Part 5: Working with Kubernetes Volumes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3349\" class=\"elementor elementor-3349\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19a255b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"19a255b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fffaeba\" data-id=\"6fffaeba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c063333 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c063333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 25-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>There are many advantages to using containers to run applications. However, ease of storage is certainly not one of them. To do its job, a container must have a temporary file system. But when a container shuts down, any changes made to its file system are lost. A side effect of easily fungible containers is that they lack an inherent concept of persistence.<\/p><p>While Docker has solved this issue with mount points from the host, on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.newrelic.com\/engineering\/what-is-kubernetes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kubernetes<\/a>\u00a0we face more difficulties along the way. The smallest deployable unit of computing in Kubernetes is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.newrelic.com\/engineering\/kubernetes-clusters-nodes-and-pods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pod<\/a>. Multiple instances of a Pod may be hosted on multiple physical machines. Even worse, different containers might run in the same Pod but access the same storage.<\/p><p>In this post, we\u2019ll discuss two tools Kubernetes offers to help solve storage issues: volumes and persistent volumes. We\u2019ll cover how and why you\u2019d use each.<\/p><h3>About Kubernetes volumes<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/storage\/volumes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Volumes<\/a>\u00a0offer storage shared between all containers in a Pod. This allows you to reliably use the same mounted file system with multiple services running in the same Pod. This is, however, not automatic. Containers that want to use a volume have to specify which volume they want to use, and where to mount it in the container\u2019s file system.<\/p><p>Additionally, volumes come with a clearly defined lifetime. They are bound to the lifecycle of the Pod they belong to. As long as the Pod is active, the volume is there, too. However, when you restart the Pod, the volume gets reset. If this is not what you want, you should either use persistent volumes (discussed in the next section) or change your application\u2019s logic to accommodate this behavior appropriately.<\/p><p>While\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/contentlab.com\/securing-secrets-in-kubernetes\/\">Kubernetes<\/a>\u00a0only cares about the formal definition of a volume, you also need to have a real (physical) file system allocated somewhere. This is where Kubernetes goes beyond what Docker offers. While Docker only maps a path from the host to the container, Kubernetes allows essentially anything as long as there is a proper provider for the storage.<\/p><p>You could use cloud options such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/services\/storage\/blobs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Azure Blob Storage<\/a>, or open-source solutions such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ceph.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ceph<\/a>. Using something as simple and generic as NFS is possible, too. If you want to use something similar to Docker\u2019s mount path, you can fall back to the hostPath volume type.<\/p><p>So how do you create these volumes? You do so in the Pod definition.<\/p><h3>Working with volumes<\/h3><p>For example, consider creating a new Pod called sharedvolumeexample using two containers\u2014both just sleeping. Using the volumes key, you can describe your volumes to be used within the containers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-067c9ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"067c9ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kind: Pod\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n  name: sharedvolumeexample\r\nspec:\r\n  containers:\r\n  - name: c1\r\n    image: centos:7\r\n    command:\r\n      - \"bin\/bash\"\r\n      - \"-c\"\r\n      - \"sleep 10000\"\r\n    volumeMounts:\r\n      - name: xchange\r\n        mountPath: \"\/tmp\/xchange\"\r\n  - name: c2\r\n    image: centos:7\r\n    command:\r\n      - \"bin\/bash\"\r\n      - \"-c\"\r\n      - \"sleep 10000\"\r\n    volumeMounts: \r\n      - name: xchange\r\n        mountPath: \"\/tmp\/data\"\r\nvolumes:\r\n- name: xchange\r\n  emptyDir: {}<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c70818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c70818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To use a volume in a container, you need to specify\u00a0<code>volumeMounts<\/code>\u00a0as shown above. The\u00a0<code>mountPath<\/code>\u00a0key describes the volume access path.<\/p><p>To demonstrate how this shares the volume between the two containers, let\u2019s run a little test. First, you should create the Pod from the spec (for example,\u00a0<code>sharedvolumeexample.yml<\/code>):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9653401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"9653401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl apply -f sharedvolumeexample.yml<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-205dfd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"205dfd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Then, you can access the terminal on the first container, c1, using kubectl:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64302a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"64302a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl exec -it sharedvolumeexample -c c1 -- bash<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dac5755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dac5755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Next, write some data into a file under the\u00a0<code style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\/tmp\/xchange<\/code>\u00a0mount point:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dfa969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"7dfa969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-php line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-php\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>echo 'some data' > \/tmp\/xchange\/file.txt<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3db1bfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3db1bfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Let\u2019s open another terminal, connecting to the container called c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b0dd05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"8b0dd05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl exec -it sharedvolumeexample -c c2 -- bash<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2a3109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2a3109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The difference is that this time you read from its mounted storage at\u00a0<code style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\/tmp\/data<\/code>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85a8a0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"85a8a0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>cat \/tmp\/data\/file.txt<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42c9af8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42c9af8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This yields \u201csome data,\u201d as expected. Now you can remove the Pod:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69e8d14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"69e8d14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl delete pod\/sharedvolumeexample<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac429ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac429ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Working with persistent volumes<\/h3><p>When (regular) volumes don\u2019t meet your needs, you can switch to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/storage\/persistent-volumes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">persistent volume<\/a>.<\/p><p>A persistent volume is a storage object that lives at the cluster level. As a result, its lifetime isn\u2019t tied to that of a single Pod, but rather to the cluster itself. A persistent volume makes it possible to share data between Pods.<\/p><p>One advantage of a persistent volume is that it can be shared not only between containers of a single Pod but also among multiple Pods. This means persistent volumes can be scaled by expanding their size. Reducing size, however, is not possible.<\/p><p>A persistent volume offers the same options for selecting the physical provider as a regular volume. Provisioning, however, is a bit different.<\/p><p>There are two ways to provision a persistent volume:<\/p><ul style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;\"><li style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Statically:<\/span>\u00a0You already allocated everything on the storage side. Nothing to be done. The physical storage behind will always be the same.<\/li><li style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bolder;\">Dynamically:<\/span>\u00a0You may want to extend the available storage space when the demand grows. The demand is settled via a volume claim resource, which we\u2019ll discuss in a bit. To enable dynamic storage provisioning, you have to enable the DefaultStorageClass admission controller on the Kubernetes API server.<br \/><br \/><\/li><\/ul><p>For growing systems with demand increase backed by scalable resources, dynamic provisioning makes more sense. Otherwise, we recommend staying with the simpler static provisioning.<\/p><p>Let\u2019s try to create a persistent volume for a\u00a0<code>hostPath<\/code>\u00a0backed storage. Note that instead of configuring kind as Pod, we instead configure as\u00a0<code>PersistentVolume<\/code>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62ed5ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"62ed5ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kind: PersistentVolume\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n  name: persvolumeexample\r\n  labels:\r\n    type: local\r\nspec:\r\n  capacity:\r\n    storage: 10Gi\r\n  accessModes:\r\n    - ReadWriteOnce\r\n  hostPath:\r\n    path: \"\/tmp\/data\"<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed78434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed78434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Same as Pods, these resources are created using the\u00a0<code style=\"font-size: 16px;\">kubectl<\/code>\u00a0tool:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b1a5ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"6b1a5ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl apply -f persvolumeexample.yml<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a419fb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a419fb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the example above, we created a new persistent volume named\u00a0<code>persvolumeexample<\/code>, with the maximum storage capacity of 10 GB. As for the different access modes, you could specify\u00a0<code>ReadWriteOnce<\/code>,\u00a0<code>ReadOnlyMany<\/code>, and\u00a0<code>ReadWriteMany<\/code>, though not all of these modes are available for every storage provider. For instance, AWS EBS only supports\u00a0<code>ReadWriteOnce<\/code>.<\/p><p>You can use the created persistent volume via another resource:\u00a0<code>PersistentVolumeClaim<\/code>. The claim ensures that there is enough space available. This may fail even if, during dynamic provisioning, Kubernetes actively tries to allocate more space.<\/p><p>Let\u2019s create a claim for provisioning 3 GB:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8491762 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"8491762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kind: PersistentVolumeClaim\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n  name: myclaim-1\r\nspec:\r\n  accessModes:\r\n    - ReadWriteOnce\r\n  resources:\r\n    requests:\r\n      storage: 3Gi<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb9e26f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb9e26f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The provisioning requires the use of\u00a0<code style=\"font-size: 16px;\">kubectl<\/code>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f2b0b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"3f2b0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kubectl apply -f myclaim-1.yml<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35d49dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35d49dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When you run this command,\u00a0<a style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/contentlab.com\/securing-secrets-in-kubernetes\/\">Kubernetes<\/a>\u00a0looks for a persistent volume that matches the claim. Using the claim is simple:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fed65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"17fed65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kind: Pod\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n  name: volumeexample\r\nspec:\r\n  containers:\r\n  - name: c1\r\n    image: centos:7\r\n    command:\r\n      - \"bin\/bash\"\r\n      - \"-c\"\r\n      - \"sleep 10000\"\r\n    volumeMounts:\r\n      - name: xchange\r\n        mountPath: \"\/tmp\/xchange\"\r\n   - name: c2\r\n     image: centos:7\r\n     command:\r\n       - \"bin\/bash\"\r\n       - \"-c\"\r\n       - \"sleep 10000\"\r\n     volumeMounts:\r\n       - name: xchange\r\n         mountPath: \"\/tmp\/data\"\r\nvolumes:\r\n- name: xchange\r\n  persistentVolumeClaim:\r\n    claimName: myclaim-1<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-152679c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"152679c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you compare this example with the previous one, you\u2019ll see that only the volumes section has changed, nothing else.<\/p><p>The claim manages only a fraction of the volume. To free this fraction, you\u2019d have to delete the claim. The reclaim policy for a persistent volume tells Kubernetes what to do with the volume after it has been released of its claim. The options are\u00a0<code>Retain<\/code>,\u00a0<code>Recycle<\/code>\u00a0(deprecated in preference of dynamic provisioning), and\u00a0<code>Delete<\/code>.<\/p><p>To set the reclaim policy, you need to define the\u00a0<code>persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy<\/code>\u00a0option in the spec section of the\u00a0<code>PersistentVolume<\/code>\u00a0config. For instance, in the previous config this would look like:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd0b0be elementor-widget elementor-widget-code-highlight\" data-id=\"bd0b0be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"code-highlight.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"prismjs-default copy-to-clipboard \">\n\t\t\t<pre data-line=\"\" class=\"highlight-height language-javascript line-numbers\">\n\t\t\t\t<code readonly=\"true\" class=\"language-javascript\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<xmp>kind: PersistentVolume\r\napiVersion: v1\r\nmetadata:\r\n  name: persvolumeexample\r\n  labels:\r\n    type: local\r\nspec:\r\n  capacity:\r\n    storage: 10Gi\r\n  accessModes:\r\n    - ReadWriteOnce\r\n  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain\r\n  hostPath:\r\n    path: \"\/tmp\/data\"<\/xmp>\n\t\t\t\t<\/code>\n\t\t\t<\/pre>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3888f58a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3888f58a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><pre><span style=\"color: #00b2a9; font-family: Sailec, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75rem;\">Wrapping up<\/span><\/pre><p>Both volumes and persistent volumes allow you to add data storage that survives container restarts. While volumes are bound to the lifecycle of the Pod, persistent volumes can be defined independently of a specific Pod. They can then be used in any Pod.<\/p><p>The one you choose depends on your needs. A volume is deleted when the containing Pod shuts down, yet it is perfect when you need to share data between containers running in a Pod.<\/p><p>Since persistent volumes outlive individual Pods, they\u2019re ideal when you have data that must survive Pod restarts or has to be shared between Pods.<\/p><p>Both types of storage are easy to set up and use in a cluster. Happy orchestrating!<br \/><br \/><i>This article was originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/newrelic.com\/blog\/how-to-relic\/how-to-use-kubernetes-volumes\">New Relic&#8217;s blog<\/a>.<\/i><br \/><br \/><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW156001673 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW156001673 BCX2\">If you\u2019re interested in developing expert technical content that performs, <\/span><\/span><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW156001673 BCX2\" href=\"https:\/\/contentlab.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW156001673 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW156001673 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">let\u2019s have a conversation<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW156001673 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW156001673 BCX2\"> today.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post, we\u2019ll discuss two tools Kubernetes offers to help solve storage issues: volumes and persistent volumes. We\u2019ll cover how and why you\u2019d use each.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,278,18],"tags":[305,299],"hashtags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kubernetes Fundamentals, Part 5: Working with Kubernetes Volumes &#183; Technical Content Marketing | ContentLab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newrelic.com\/blog\/how-to-relic\/how-to-use-kubernetes-volumes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kubernetes Fundamentals, Part 5: Working with Kubernetes Volumes &#183; Technical Content Marketing | ContentLab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this post, we\u2019ll discuss two tools Kubernetes offers to help solve storage issues: volumes and persistent volumes. 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